Radiology services contribute approximately 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This impact could be significantly reduced—while also lowering healthcare costs—by refining decision-making and optimizing imaging protocols for energy efficiency, particularly in patient scenarios that require recurrent imaging. However, current imaging guidelines prioritize clinical utility and radiation exposure, often overlooking environmental considerations.

This project will evaluate the energy footprint of various imaging protocols (ultrasound, CT, and MRI) to develop guidelines that promote energy-efficient options without compromising patient care. Researchers will integrate energy consumption data with clinical data from the University of Michigan Health System to demonstrate how modality selection influences patient care pathways and follow-up exam frequency.

Focusing on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening in patients with chronic liver disease or hepatitis B, the team will assess both the clinical and energy impacts of current imaging practices. They will then develop decision-making models to quantify energy trade-offs against clinical benefits.

Ultimately, the study aims to publish updated imaging guidelines that incorporate sustainability while maintaining the highest standards of care. These guidelines will be distributed to radiologists through societies such as the Radiological Society of North America via its Sustainability Task Force, influencing medical decision-making nationwide and reducing the environmental footprint of radiology.

Project team: Nikita Consul, PI (Department of Radiology); Shelie Miller, co-I (School for Environment and Sustainability); Geoffrey Lewis (School for Environment and Sustainability); Katherine Maturen (Radiological Society of North America Sustainability Task Force Member)